Upon returning to Washington, D.C., the band suggested this same system to local clubs as a means to allow teenagers in to see musical performances without being served alcohol. As a compromise, management marked each of the members' hands with a large black X as a warning to the club's staff not to serve alcohol to the band. According to a series of interviews by journalist Michael Azerrad, the straight edge X can be traced to the Teen Idles' brief West Coast tour in 1980. The band's members were scheduled to play at San Francisco's Mabuhay Gardens, but when they arrived, club management discovered that they were all under the legal drinking age and would be denied entry to the club. Some followers of straight edge have also incorporated the symbol into clothing and pins. The letter X is the most known symbol of straight edge, and is sometimes worn as a marking on the back of both hands, though it can be displayed on other body parts as well. By the beginning of the 2000s, militant straight edge punks had largely left the broader straight edge culture and movement. In the early to mid-1990s, straight edge spread from the United States to Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and South America. ![]() By the early 1990s, militant straight edge was a well-known part of the wider punk scene. ![]() In 1999, William Tsitsos wrote that straight edge had gone through three eras since its founding in the early 1980s. Bent edge began as a counter-movement to straight edge by members of the Washington, D.C. hardcore scene who were frustrated by the rigidity and intolerance in the scene. During the youth crew era, which started in the mid-1980s, the influence of music on the straight edge scene was at an all-time high. Straight edge politics are primarily left-wing and revolutionary but there have been conservative offshoots. Disagreements often arise as to the primary reasons for living straight edge. While the commonly expressed aspects of the straight edge subculture have been abstinence from alcohol, nicotine, and illegal drugs, there have been considerable variations on how far to take the interpretations of "abstaining from intoxicants" or "living drug-free". Ross Haenfler writes that as of the late 1990s, approximately three out of four straight edge participants were vegetarian or vegan. Since then, a wide variety of beliefs and ideas have been associated with some members of the movement, including vegetarianism and animal rights. ![]() Straight edge emerged amid the early-1980s hardcore punk scene. Minor Threat - Straight Edge (with lyrics) - HD
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